Attack risk for butterflies changes with eyespot number and size
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Deflective and intimidating eyespots: a comparative study of eyespot size and position in Junonia butterflies
Eyespots are conspicuous circular features found on the wings of several lepidopteran insects. Two prominent hypotheses have been put forth explaining their function in an antipredatory role. The deflection hypothesis posits that eyespots enhance survival in direct physical encounters with predators by deflecting attacks away from vital parts of the body, whereas the intimidation hypothesis pos...
متن کاملFocusing on butterfly eyespot focus: uncoupling of white spots from eyespot bodies in nymphalid butterflies
BACKGROUND Developmental studies on butterfly wing color patterns often focus on eyespots. A typical eyespot (such as that of Bicyclus anynana) has a few concentric rings of dark and light colors and a white spot (called a focus) at the center. The prospective eyespot center during the early pupal stage is known to act as an organizing center. It has often been assumed, according to gradient mo...
متن کاملGenome editing in butterflies reveals that spalt promotes and Distal-less represses eyespot colour patterns
Butterfly eyespot colour patterns are a key example of how a novel trait can appear in association with the co-option of developmental patterning genes. Little is known, however, about how, or even whether, co-opted genes function in eyespot development. Here we use CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to determine the roles of two co-opted transcription factors that are expressed during early eyespot de...
متن کاملWingless is a positive regulator of eyespot color patterns in Bicyclus anynana butterflies.
Eyespot patterns of nymphalid butterflies are an example of a novel trait yet, the developmental origin of eyespots is still not well understood. Several genes have been associated with eyespot development but few have been tested for function. One of these genes is the signaling ligand, wingless, which is expressed in the eyespot centers during early pupation and may function in eyespot signal...
متن کاملCorrigendum to “A Survey of Eyespot Sexual Dimorphism across Nymphalid Butterflies”
Differences between sexes of the same species are widespread and are variable in nature. While it is often assumed that males are more ornamented than females, in the nymphalid butterfly genus Bicyclus, females have, on average, more eyespot wing color patterns than males. Here we extend these studies by surveying eyespot pattern sexual dimorphism across the Nymphalidae family of butterflies. E...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Royal Society Open Science
سال: 2016
ISSN: 2054-5703
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150614